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* * *
1. Ethical memory includes the creation process, accumulation, storing and transmission
of existent and cultural values. It is a source of vital functions of both traditional
and modern society. By the memory through archetype and values of ethnical consciousness,
through ethnical history, through oral and written folk arts, traditions and rituals,
through other cultural rituals for many centuries in Kazakh spiritual culture, like
other ethnos, have been transmitted its social, ideological, mental and identification
foundations of existence. The world of traditional culture of Kazakhs is many-sided,
and the very necessary collective archetype ("Kut"- multilevel and multivalued in
ideology of Kazakhs means "I. 1) soul; life's strength; spirit; II. 2) happiness,
blessing, plenty, prosperity; 3) success, a happy ideal; 4) state of veritable existence,
beautitude, "Steppe", "Way", "Mother Land", "Tengry", "Family and tribe" and others
are always considered the base of ethnical memory, mentality ( foundation which -
collective unconscious and level of self-consciousness of individ, according of Lurye
S.V. - the structure of mentality forms "The picture of the World" and "Code of behavior")
and ethnical consciousness, despite on historical time and peculiarities of epoch.
It is clear that, by totalitarian ideological system, when there take place definite
and purposeful abrasion of ethnical memory and history, majority of national values,
manners and symbols are destroyed and transmitted to oblivion.
2. The objective assessment and epic drama of historical past, including ethnical
memory are necessary for positive transmission of social and cultural experience
from one generation to another generation, and forming the right valuable reference
points relatively to own ethnical history and culture, which effect on consciousness
of ethnos representative and demonstration of humanism in society. The national revival
of post social countries during more than 10 years shows, that ethnical memory stoned
through time and keeping all valuables in our spirituality and history, gives back
the names and manners, kind deeds and mistakes of historical personalities, gone
and lost symbols and knowledge, forgotten traditions and doings (events). This is
not somewhat like nostalgia of the past or indispensable demand of the time. This
presents itself as a vital demand of both: socium, which consist on the way of building
of national state system, and individs-ethnos representatives, who defines their
ethnical "Ego". Especially, as an another epochs and times, the changes in ethnical
and mental appearances reflect art. "The traditional consciousness becomes that system
of coordinate, on which the artists expressed their attitude to the world, nature,
to human and society, on which it developed and looked for his original face the
Kazakh of picture art of 20th century".
Mentality of Kazakhs, based on traditional ideology and ethnical consciousness,
rebirth in more than new quality, because of openness of ethnical culture, and also
secular and religious values, conserving by ethnical memory. ( Probably there will
be brought the facts of sociological researches)
3. The ethnical memory allows in ethnical picture of the world, based on ontological
and axiological values and contains varied knowledge, in that way standing important
component in society and in process of socialization of human, gradually determining
his ethicality. "...The ethnical picture of the world represents by special manner
the structured conception about the universe, which is typical for members of this
or another ethnos who has adaptive function, and from another side embody on himself
the valuable dominants peculiar to culture of given nationality". Thus, what are
the ethnical constants and valuable orientation in Kazakh traditional culture? The
most objective and significant they appears in ethnical values, deciding what is
understanding of Human ( there is very short but vary valuable and capacious notion
in Kazakh tradition - "Sen Adam boldyn" - "You became a man", in other words Person;
or "Adam siyakty ystedyn"- "He made through humane treatment" and return "Sen adam
emesyn" - "You are not a man"). Anthropological and axiological values meaning of
the world's ethnical picture (nature of the world and human nature), as in any other
traditional culture of the nations has general (from one side), especially in the
area of perception of the world's objects , but in any ethnos it is special unique
perception and trying to understand. This originalities reflects in traditions and
ceremonies, in national characters and ethnical culture of conduct, in modern phase
and also reflects in national Kazakh's idea.
4. The human becomes the representative of this or another ethnos by the way of
aquiring the language, traditional culture, getting the elements of traditional and
social education, and also tagging himself. Well-known modern Kazakh poet Mukhtar
Shakhanov had wrote in poem "Error of Civilization"
Yes, the Georgians are on the right road -
Rustaveli's book is not toy!
That is the maiden's greatest joy
Which, for the wedding on her is bestowed.
Would Kirghizians suffer thus,
Giving their maiden brides "Manas"?
And Uzbeks could give Navoi,
And the Kazakhs - Abai employ.
Russians have Pushkin - oh what joy!
Azerbaijans could take Nizami,
Spaniards - "Don Quexote", don't you see?
I recall Andrey Byelov's sharp page:
"Chelovek - znachit chelo veka!"-
"A man - that means the face of the Age!"
That's how the Russians say it whole.
But what means a face without a soul?
The problem of ethnical identification in modern world is a comprehension of socioal,
ethnical cultural, ethnical values and self-knowledge of himself, forming the ideology
and ethnical self-knowledge, self-assertion the life principles and positions , and
also the spirit referent points in modern Kazakhstan.
5. The ethnical memory contiguous with historical, with ethno cultural and with
political memory. The last saings in definition of national and ethnical identity
and nationality in the State level. The Ethno-political processes in modern Kazakhstan
actively began in soviet period (the events of December 1986), when ethnical consciousness
of Kazakh people began to suffer the next period of modifications. And the ethnical
memory rebirths again and this find reflection in both: in social life and in political-ethnical
and multireligios culture of Kazakhstan's society. Just after 10 years, from the
conference, devoted to 10 years of December events (1996) was possible to know officially
the historical true about - what in fact and how it happened. In Memory and history
of Kazakh people these events will remain forever, transforming into values (patriotism,
love to the country, pride for his nation etc.), which became ordinary in recent
past, but this time obtain a new meaning.
6. In Central Asian region the last years there are changes of former stereotypes
in solving of ethnical questions, the process of revival and changing of ethnical
self-knowledge. The given events depend of ideological arrangements and real and
practice readiness of the concrete people to get and understand changes, from aspiration
to live in new national state, which have to solve this problems on basis of democratic
values and protect the interests of all nationalities. The ethnical-social processes
in modern sovereign Kazakhstan is characterized by few ways, which the principal
of them are ethnical rebirth, changing of ethnical consciousness and identifications.
"Who are we"?, "Where are we from"?, "What kind of people are we"? and another questions
lets to identify oneself and another to be ready for understanding and accepting
other culture. There is the demand of ethnical memory, its values and social-cultural
experience , gathered by ethnoses for thousand years. The traditional ethnical culture
, including religious belief for last ten years became basic for rebirth, re-examination
and adaptation to modern realities of Kazakh society.
* * *
:
1. . ( ) - :
, 1998. - . 9.
2. .. .
. .- : "", 2002. - . 6; . "
. ". .
- , 2000. - 126 .
3. .. . - .: , 1997. - . 45.
4. . ( . . .
) - . "". 1999. - . 61.
* * *
:
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; e-mail: gbilyalova@yandex.ru
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