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. " " 8.11.2006 18:51 | .. . Journal of Devocracy, 1995, vol. 6, N 2, . 20-33. , , 1994 . , . , , , . . , , . , - . , , , .1 , , , . . , , , . ? - , ? , , , . " " : , , .2 , , . , , , , . " " , , . , 1959 , , .3 , , , , . , .4 . , , - ( 1992) ( ). , , , . , , , , , " " - , . - , - , 1986 . , , , . , , , , . , , , - , . , . , , , "", .5 , .6 "". , : , . , , . - , . , , . , , . , , . , , . , , , , , . , , , , - - .7 , , 1993 , -, . - - , , . , , . " ", , , . " " , , . , . , , , , . . -, , , . , " ", , , . , , , , . , , . , , . . , - : , , ( ), . . , , , "" , .8 , : , , . , , , , , , : , . , . .9 . , . , , , , , , , . - . , "" , , , , , . , , . , , , , . . , , , " " : " , , ... , , , ( ) , , , . ; , , . , . . , . , ."10 , , 1990 , , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , , . , . -, , . - - - (, ). , , , . , . -, , , . , . , ; , , , , , , . , , , . , ; ( ), , , , . , , . , , . , , , - . Tu Wei-ming " ", , , " ", .11 , . 1911 . (, ), , - . Tu , , , , , , . , , . , , , , . , , . , jia, . , . , , . , . , , " . , , . , , ."12 ( , ). , . , , . , , (960-1279) . , . . , , - , " ." . , , , " ", . . , , , , . ( ) , , . - . , , , , , . , , , . - , , . , , , . , , . , , . - , . : , - , . - , , . , - , , (Nanyang) - , . , : " ", , . , . , , : , , . , , . , , , . , , . . , , , , , . , , , 1989 . - . , , - - , - . , , , . , , . , . , , , , . , , , , , . , " " . , . , . , . , , . , . , , . , , , , , . . . , - - . , , , . - , - . , , , . , , . , . - , - , . , . , , . , Asia Watch Amnesty International , , , , . , . . , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , . , , . , . . , , , , . . , . , - , , , . , , , . , . , - - , , . . - , , . - , , , , - , . , . "" - , - , . , . , , , , . . , , " " , , . .13 , , - , . ( , ) , - . , . - . , - - , , . - - , . ; , , . , , , per se. , , , . , . , , . , , , . , , - , , . . , , . , , . . , , , , , . , , . , ( ), . , , , , . , . -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ., ., , , Foreign Affairs 73 (1994): 109-127. 2 : Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society (Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1958), , The Structure of Social Action (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1937) ( c ) Toward a General Theory of Acktion (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1951) The Social Sistem (Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1951). 9 1963 1975 ., Lucian Pye, Communications and Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963) Raymond Grew, Crises of Political Development in Europe and the United States (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978). 3 Seymour Martin Lipset, "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy", American Political Science Review 53 (1959): 69-105. 4 Larry Diamond, "Economic Development and Democracy Reconsidered", American Behavioral Scientist 15 (March-June 1992): 450-499. 5 Talcott Parsons, "Evolutionary Universals in Society", American Sociological Review 29 (June 1964): 339-357. 6 . "The End of History and the Last Man" (New York: The Free Press, 1992), . . 2; "Capitalism and Democracy: The Missing Link", Journal of Democracy 3 (July 1992): 100-110. 7 . . Karel van Wolferen, The Enigma of Japanese Power (London: Macmillan, 1989). 8 . Barbara Geddes, "Challenging the Conventional Wisdom", Journal of Democracy 5 (Oktober 1994): 104-118; Minxin Pei, "The Puzzle of East Asian Exceptionalism", Journal of Democracy 5 (Oktober 1994): 90-103. 9 Lucian Pye. . "Political Science and the Crisis of Authoritarianism", American Political Science Review 84 (March 1990): 3-17. 10 Samuel P. Huntington, "Democracy's Third Wave", Journal of Democracy 2 (Spring 1991): 24. 11 Tu Wei-ming, Confucian Ethics Today: The Singapore Challenge (Singapore: Curriculum Development Institute of Singapore, 1984), 90. 12 . Marion J. Levy, The Rise of Modern Chinese Business Class (New York: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1949), 1. 13 Mary Ann Glendon, Rights Talk: The Impoverishment of Political Discourse (New York: The Free Press, 1992). : : . : >> |
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